PRESENT TENSE—USES AND EXAMPLES
🟠 1. Simple Present Tense
Structure: Subject + V₁ / V₁ + s/es
A. Habits and repeated actions
🔴 1. I wake up at six every morning.
🔵 2. She walks to school daily.
🟢 3. We visit our grandparents on Sundays.
🟣 4. He usually drinks tea after breakfast.
🟠 5. They play football every evening.
B. General truths
🔴 1. The earth moves around the sun.
🔵 2. Water boils at 100°C.
🟢 3. Plants need sunlight to grow.
🟣 4. The moon reflects the light of the sun.
🟠 5. Birds have feathers.
C. Permanent situations
🔴 1. She lives in Kozhikode.
🔵 2. He works in a government office.
🟢 3. My uncle owns a small shop.
🟣 4. They speak Malayalam at home.
🟠 5. The school stands near the river.
D. Timetables and fixed schedules
🔴 1. The train leaves at 6 p.m.
🔵 2. The examination begins at 9.30 a.m.
🟢 3. The bank opens at ten.
🟣 4. Our flight arrives tomorrow morning.
🟠 5. The academic year ends in March.
E. Instructions and directions
🔴 1. First, add some sugar.
🔵 2. Turn left at the junction.
🟢 3. Open the book on page twenty.
🟣 4. Mix the ingredients thoroughly.
🟠 5. Press this button to start the machine.
🔵 2. Present Continuous Tense
Structure: Subject + am/is/are + V-ing
A. Actions happening now
🔴 1. She is reading a novel.
🔵 2. I am writing a letter.
🟢 3. They are playing outside.
🟣 4. The teacher is explaining the lesson.
🟠 5. The baby is sleeping.
B. Temporary situations
🔴 1. He is staying with his uncle this week.
🔵 2. I am working in Karaikal for a few months.
🟢 3. She is using her mother’s phone today.
🟣 4. They are living in a rented house temporarily.
🟠 5. We are attending a short training programme.
C. Changing or developing situations
🔴 1. The climate is becoming warmer.
🔵 2. The population is increasing rapidly.
🟢 3. Your English is improving.
🟣 4. Technology is changing our lives.
🟠 5. The river is getting polluted.
D. Planned future arrangements
🔴 1. We are meeting the principal tomorrow.
🔵 2. She is travelling to Chennai next week.
🟢 3. They are holding a meeting this evening.
🟣 4. I am visiting my doctor on Monday.
🟠 5. He is joining the new office next month.
E. Repeated irritating actions with “always”
🔴 1. He is always losing his keys.
🔵 2. She is always interrupting me.
🟢 3. They are always making unnecessary noise.
🟣 4. You are always arriving late.
🟠 5. My brother is always borrowing my books.
🟣 3. Present Perfect Tense
Structure: Subject + has/have + V₃
A. Recently completed actions
🔴 1. She has just finished her work.
🔵 2. I have just eaten breakfast.
🟢 3. They have recently moved to a new house.
🟣 4. The train has just arrived.
🟠 5. He has recently completed his training.
B. Past actions with a present result
🔴 1. I have lost my key.
🔵 2. She has broken her glasses.
🟢 3. It has rained heavily.
🟣 4. He has injured his leg.
🟠 5. They have cancelled the meeting.
C. Experiences without mentioning a definite time
🔴 1. I have visited Delhi.
🔵 2. She has travelled by air.
🟢 3. They have seen the Taj Mahal.
🟣 4. He has never eaten sushi.
🟠 5. Have you ever climbed a mountain?
D. Actions during an unfinished period
🔴 1. I have attended two meetings today.
🔵 2. She has read three books this month.
🟢 3. We have conducted several programmes this year.
🟣 4. He has called me twice this morning.
🟠 5. They have planted fifty trees this week.
E. Actions beginning in the past and continuing now
🔴 1. She has lived here for ten years.
🔵 2. I have known him since childhood.
🟢 3. They have worked together since 2020.
🟣 4. He has owned this car for five years.
🟠 5. We have been friends for a long time.
🟢 4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Structure: Subject + has/have been + V-ing
A. Actions beginning in the past and continuing now
🔴 1. She has been studying for two hours.
🔵 2. I have been waiting since morning.
🟢 3. They have been living here since 2015.
🟣 4. He has been working in this office for six years.
🟠 5. We have been learning English since June.
B. Recently stopped actions with visible results
🔴 1. The ground is wet because it has been raining.
🔵 2. She is tired because she has been working hard.
🟢 3. His clothes are dirty because he has been gardening.
🟣 4. Her eyes are red because she has been crying.
🟠 5. The kitchen smells good because Mother has been cooking.
C. Emphasising the duration of an action
🔴 1. I have been reading for three hours.
🔵 2. She has been teaching here for twenty years.
🟢 3. They have been discussing the issue all day.
🟣 4. He has been preparing for the examination for six months.
🟠 5. We have been travelling since early morning.
📘 Present Tense ⏪ Past Tense ⏩ Future Tense
Prepared by Sindhu.P, HSST English, GGHSS Kallai
🟠 1. Simple Present Tense
Structure: Subject + V₁ / V₁ + s/es
A. Habits and repeated actions
🔴 1. I wake up at six every morning.
🔵 2. She walks to school daily.
🟢 3. We visit our grandparents on Sundays.
🟣 4. He usually drinks tea after breakfast.
🟠 5. They play football every evening.
B. General truths
🔴 1. The earth moves around the sun.
🔵 2. Water boils at 100°C.
🟢 3. Plants need sunlight to grow.
🟣 4. The moon reflects the light of the sun.
🟠 5. Birds have feathers.
C. Permanent situations
🔴 1. She lives in Kozhikode.
🔵 2. He works in a government office.
🟢 3. My uncle owns a small shop.
🟣 4. They speak Malayalam at home.
🟠 5. The school stands near the river.
D. Timetables and fixed schedules
🔴 1. The train leaves at 6 p.m.
🔵 2. The examination begins at 9.30 a.m.
🟢 3. The bank opens at ten.
🟣 4. Our flight arrives tomorrow morning.
🟠 5. The academic year ends in March.
E. Instructions and directions
🔴 1. First, add some sugar.
🔵 2. Turn left at the junction.
🟢 3. Open the book on page twenty.
🟣 4. Mix the ingredients thoroughly.
🟠 5. Press this button to start the machine.
🔵 2. Present Continuous Tense
Structure: Subject + am/is/are + V-ing
A. Actions happening now
🔴 1. She is reading a novel.
🔵 2. I am writing a letter.
🟢 3. They are playing outside.
🟣 4. The teacher is explaining the lesson.
🟠 5. The baby is sleeping.
B. Temporary situations
🔴 1. He is staying with his uncle this week.
🔵 2. I am working in Karaikal for a few months.
🟢 3. She is using her mother’s phone today.
🟣 4. They are living in a rented house temporarily.
🟠 5. We are attending a short training programme.
C. Changing or developing situations
🔴 1. The climate is becoming warmer.
🔵 2. The population is increasing rapidly.
🟢 3. Your English is improving.
🟣 4. Technology is changing our lives.
🟠 5. The river is getting polluted.
D. Planned future arrangements
🔴 1. We are meeting the principal tomorrow.
🔵 2. She is travelling to Chennai next week.
🟢 3. They are holding a meeting this evening.
🟣 4. I am visiting my doctor on Monday.
🟠 5. He is joining the new office next month.
E. Repeated irritating actions with “always”
🔴 1. He is always losing his keys.
🔵 2. She is always interrupting me.
🟢 3. They are always making unnecessary noise.
🟣 4. You are always arriving late.
🟠 5. My brother is always borrowing my books.
🟣 3. Present Perfect Tense
Structure: Subject + has/have + V₃
A. Recently completed actions
🔴 1. She has just finished her work.
🔵 2. I have just eaten breakfast.
🟢 3. They have recently moved to a new house.
🟣 4. The train has just arrived.
🟠 5. He has recently completed his training.
B. Past actions with a present result
🔴 1. I have lost my key.
🔵 2. She has broken her glasses.
🟢 3. It has rained heavily.
🟣 4. He has injured his leg.
🟠 5. They have cancelled the meeting.
C. Experiences without mentioning a definite time
🔴 1. I have visited Delhi.
🔵 2. She has travelled by air.
🟢 3. They have seen the Taj Mahal.
🟣 4. He has never eaten sushi.
🟠 5. Have you ever climbed a mountain?
D. Actions during an unfinished period
🔴 1. I have attended two meetings today.
🔵 2. She has read three books this month.
🟢 3. We have conducted several programmes this year.
🟣 4. He has called me twice this morning.
🟠 5. They have planted fifty trees this week.
E. Actions beginning in the past and continuing now
🔴 1. She has lived here for ten years.
🔵 2. I have known him since childhood.
🟢 3. They have worked together since 2020.
🟣 4. He has owned this car for five years.
🟠 5. We have been friends for a long time.
🟢 4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Structure: Subject + has/have been + V-ing
A. Actions beginning in the past and continuing now
🔴 1. She has been studying for two hours.
🔵 2. I have been waiting since morning.
🟢 3. They have been living here since 2015.
🟣 4. He has been working in this office for six years.
🟠 5. We have been learning English since June.
B. Recently stopped actions with visible results
🔴 1. The ground is wet because it has been raining.
🔵 2. She is tired because she has been working hard.
🟢 3. His clothes are dirty because he has been gardening.
🟣 4. Her eyes are red because she has been crying.
🟠 5. The kitchen smells good because Mother has been cooking.
C. Emphasising the duration of an action
🔴 1. I have been reading for three hours.
🔵 2. She has been teaching here for twenty years.
🟢 3. They have been discussing the issue all day.
🟣 4. He has been preparing for the examination for six months.
🟠 5. We have been travelling since early morning.
📘 Present Tense ⏪ Past Tense ⏩ Future Tense
Prepared by Sindhu.P, HSST English, GGHSS Kallai